Guide to Understanding and Treating Separation Anxiety in Dogs

Separation anxiety in dogs is a common behavioural issue that occurs when dogs become distressed and anxious when left alone or separated from their owners. This condition can lead to destructive behaviours, excessive barking, and emotional distress for both the dog and their owner. Understanding the root causes and effective treatments is essential to ensure your furry friend's well-being.

Understanding Separation Anxiety from a Dog's Perspective

Dogs don't perceive time and space as humans do. To them, being alone can feel like an eternity. Here are some key points to consider from a dog's perspective:

Pack Instinct: Dogs are pack animals by nature. In the wild, they live in close-knit family groups. When you leave, your dog may feel abandoned, triggering anxiety. This is not to be confused with the “alpha theory” and pack instinct that we discuss on our Blog.

Lack of Understanding: Dogs do not comprehend the concept of work, errands, or personal time. They cannot understand why you leave and might fear you won't return. Despite them perhaps being an overly attached lap dog during your work time, they don’t understand what you’re doing.

Routine Dependency: Dogs thrive on routines. Any deviation from their daily schedule can be unsettling and trigger anxiety.

Recognizing the Manifestations of Dog Separation Anxiety

Dogs with separation anxiety may exhibit a range of distressing behaviours, including:

• Excessive Barking or Whining

• Destructive Chewing

• Pacing or Restlessness

• Potty Accidents

• Attempts to Escape

• Excessive Drooling or Panting

Treating Separation Anxiety in Dogs

Addressing separation anxiety in dogs requires a multifaceted approach that combines patience, understanding, and consistent training. Here are some comprehensive strategies to help your furry friend overcome their anxiety:

Gradual Desensitisation

Gradual desensitisation is a cornerstone of treating separation anxiety. The goal is to help your dog become comfortable with being alone for longer periods over time. Here's how to do it:

1. Short Absences: Start with very short absences, even just a few seconds, and gradually increase the time you spend away from your dog. For instance, leave the room for a minute, then return.

2. Random Departures: Vary your departure routine to prevent your dog from associating specific cues (e.g., grabbing keys) with your absence. This reduces their anxiety triggers.

3. Positive Reinforcement: Reward your dog with treats and praise when they remain calm during your absences. Make your departures and returns low-key to avoid arousing unnecessary excitement.

4. Increase Alone Time: Slowly extend the time your dog spends alone. Use a timer to keep track and ensure you don't push them too quickly. Be patient, as progress may be slow.

“Remember, patience, consistency, and love are key when addressing separation anxiety in dogs. With the right approach and support, you can help your furry friend overcome their anxiety and lead a happier, more balanced life.”

Create a Safe Space

Designate a secure and comfortable space for your dog to retreat to when you're not around. This can be an area with their bed, specific dog separation anxiety toys, and access to water:

1. Comfortable Bed: Provide a cosy bed or blanket that your dog can associate with safety and relaxation. People often use crates for this too. Take a look at our Crate Training Blog if you’re unsure of what to do.

2. Dog Separation Anxiety Toys: Place their favourite toys or puzzle toys in this space to keep them occupied. You could even spread something on one of the toys that takes a bit of time to consume such as peanut butter or cream cheese.

3. White Noise or Music: Some dogs find the background noise soothing. You can play soft music or use a white noise machine to create a calming environment. Some talk radio could also work.

4. Limit Visual Stimulation: Close curtains or blinds to reduce visual distractions that might trigger anxiety.

Counterconditioning

Counterconditioning involves changing your dog's emotional response to your departure cues. Here's how to implement counterconditioning where dog separation anxiety is concerned:

1. Positive Associations: Pair your departure cues, such as picking up your keys or putting on your shoes, with positive experiences like treats or playtime when you're not leaving. This helps your dog associate these cues with good things happening. Contrary to popular belief, dogs can pick up on the smallest of cues. Even looking at a door just before you’re about to leave can start a rollercoaster of emotions for your dog.

2. Practice Departures: Simulate departures by going through the motions without actually leaving. Gradually increase the time you spend performing these actions, making sure your dog remains calm. This can be as easy as picking up your keys and putting on your shoes, but then instead of leaving, have some fun with your dog.

3. Randomise Cues: Intermittently practice these cues throughout the day, so your dog doesn't associate them solely with your absence. The more you do them, the more your friend will think it’s an everyday thing.

Seek Professional Help

If your pet has continued dog separation anxiety or it worsens despite your efforts, it's essential to consult a professional. A certified dog trainer or a veterinary behaviourist can provide tailored advice and techniques for your specific situation.

In severe cases of separation anxiety, medication prescribed by a veterinarian may be necessary. These medications can help reduce anxiety and make the training process more effective. It's essential to discuss medication options and their potential side effects with your veterinarian.

Remember that overcoming separation anxiety takes time, consistency, and patience. Every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Tailor your approach to your dog's individual needs, and seek professional guidance when necessary. With the right strategies and dedication, you can help your furry friend lead a happier, more anxiety-free life.

It may seem like common knowledge, but it’s important to remember that your dog isn’t doing any of this to spite you, or to annoy you. Your dog is horribly scared and potentially afraid of being left alone, by him/herself. It’s never an excuse to abandon a dog or give a dog back if they are prone to separation anxiety, so put in the time and effort.

• Can all dogs develop separation anxiety?

  While most dogs can experience mild anxiety when separated, not all develop full-blown separation anxiety. It depends on the dog's temperament, past experiences, and how they were socialised.

• How can I prevent separation anxiety in my puppy?

  Gradually expose your puppy to short periods of alone time, build their independence, and avoid making a big fuss when leaving or returning.

• Are there specific breeds more prone to separation anxiety?

  Some breeds, like Labradors, Cocker Spaniels, and German Shepherds, are more prone to separation anxiety, but any dog can develop it.

• Can separation anxiety be cured completely?

  While it can be managed effectively, a complete cure depends on the individual dog and the severity of their anxiety.

• Should I use a crate to help with separation anxiety?

  Crates can be helpful when used correctly and associated positively with safety, but they are not always the best solution. Consult a professional for guidance on crate training for separation anxiety.